Figure 1: Current measuring setup.
A test application gradually changes the screen's color (from black to white) and logs timestamps.
In a separate thread, XShm is used to read the color of one pixel. Supposedly because of the display being locked by the test application, there are periods without XShm measurements around the time the test application is rendering.
Additionally, XDamageNotify events are logged and they seem to occur right after the test application has finished rendering.